高效人士的七种习惯（中英对照）

高效人士的七种习惯（中英对照），不想看全文的同学，起码看看观点，鞭策自己成为高效人士啦。

摘要：

Habit 1: Be Proactive 凡事积极主动

Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind 先定目标而后有行动

Habit 3: Put First Things First 重要的事要先做

Habit 4: Think Win-Win 为了大家都赢

Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood 先理解别人，再让别人理解自己

Habit 6: Synergize 协同合作

Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw 磨亮锯子（意指不断自我提高）

全文：

高效人士的七种习惯

[美] 斯蒂芬·科卫教授（Prof. Stephen Covey）

Our character is a composite of our habits. Changing habits is hard, but can be done by tremendous commitment. A (good) habit can be defined as the intersection of knowledge, skill and desire. Change is a cycle of being and seeing (visualization).

Our objective is to move progressively on a maturity continuum from dependence to independence to interdependence. Although independence is the current paradigm of our society, we can accomplish much more by cooperation and specialization. However, we must achieve independence before we can choose interdependence.

我们的性格是我们的习惯的集合物。改变习惯是困难的，但只要下定特大的决心，习惯是可以改变的。一种（良好）习惯可以被定义为知识、技能和愿望的交汇点。改变即是存在和视觉的循环。

我们的目标是，从依赖到独立、再到互相依赖，在成熟连续流中循序渐进。虽然独立是当前我们的社会模式，但是我们通过合作和专业化却可以取得更多的成绩。尽管如此，在能够选择相互依赖之前，我们必须取得独立。

Habit 1: Be Proactive 凡事积极主动

The first and most basic habit of a highly effective person in any environment is the habit of proactivity. Being proactive means that as human beings, we are responsible for our own lives. Our behavior is a function of our decisions, not our conditions. We can subordinate feelings to values. We have the initiative and the responsibility to make things happen.

Look [at] the word responsibility-response-ability-the ability to choose your responses. Highly proactive people recognize that responsibility. They do not blame circumstances, conditions, or conditioning for their behavior. Their behavior is a product of their own conscious choice, based on values, rather than a product of their conditions, based on feeling. The opposite of proactive is reactive. The spirit of reactive people is the transfer of responsibility. Their language absolves them of responsibility.

Proactive people focus their time and energy on their Circle of Influence (things they can control) in lieu of reacting to or worrying about conditions over which they have little or no control (Circle of Concern). In so doing,proactive people use positive energy to influence conditions and increase their Circle of Influence.

在任何环境中做事效率很高的人都具有的首要以及基本的习惯是积极主动的习惯。积极主动的含义是，我们作为人类，应该对我们自己的生命负责。我们的行为不是环境而是我们做出的决定的结果。我们可以使感觉服从价值。我们有创造的主动性和责任性。

看看responsibility（责任）这个词，它由response（反应）和ability（能力）两个词组成，意思是选择做出反应的能力。非常积极主动的人认识到这种责任。他们不抱怨环境、条件或者环境对他们的驯化作用。他们的行为是他们自己基于价值而有意做出选择的一种产物，而不是基于感情的、他们的条件的产物。积极主动的反义词是消极被动。消极被动者的精神是逃避责任，他们的言辞为自己开脱责任。

积极主动的人将自己的时间和精力集中在自己的“势力范围”（自己可以控制的事物）之内，而不是对自己几乎不能或完全不能控制的条件（“关注范围”）做出被动的反应或担心。

Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind 先定目标而后有行动

To begin with the end in mind means to begin each day with a clear understanding of your desired direction and destination. By keeping that end in mind you can make certain that whatever you do on any particular day does not violate the criteria you have defined as supremely important, and that each day of your life contributes in a meaningful way to the vision you have of your life as a whole.

Begin with the end in mind is based on the principle that all things are created twice. There’s a mental or first creation and a physical or second creation. The second, or physical creation, follows from the first, just as a building follows from a blueprint. In our personal lives, if we do not develop our own self-awareness and become responsible for first creations, we empower other people and circumstances to shape our lives by default.

Leadership is the first creation. Management is the second creation. Management is a bottom line focus: How can I best accomplish certain things? Leadership deals with the top line: What are the things I want to accomplish? In the words of both Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.” Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall.

先有目标而后有行动，意思是每一天开始时，你都清楚地了解自己想要实现的方向或目标。当你心怀目标，你才能做到每一个具体的日子所做的任何事情都不违反你已经确定的极其重要的标准，你生活中的每一天都在以一种积极的方式有助于达到你整个人生的愿景。

“先有目标而后有行动”是建立在这样一种原理基础上的，即所有事情都经历两次创造。第一种是精神创造，第二种是物质创造。第二种或物质创造产生于第一种创造，正如先有蓝图再盖房子一样。在我们的个人生活中，如果我们不开发自我意识，不对第一种创造负责，我们就会让别人和环境错误地改变我们的人生。

领导是第一种创造，管理是第二种创造。管理关注基层工作：我怎样能够完成某些事情？领导处理高层事务：那些事情是我想要完成的？用德鲁克和本尼斯两人的话，就是：”管理是把事情做得正确，领导是做正确的事情。”管理是在成功阶梯上攀登的效率，领导是确定是否把梯子放到了正确的墙上。

Habit 3: Put First Things First 重要的事要先做

What are first things? First things are those things that you, personally, find most worth doing. They move you in the right direction and help you achieve the purpose expressed in your mission statement.

Put First Things First involves organizing and managing time and events according to the personal priorities established in Habit 2 (Begin with the End in Mind). Habit 2 is the first or mental creation. Habit 3, then, is the second, or physical creation. It’s the day-in, day-out, moment by moment doing it.

哪些事是重要的事情？重要的事情就是那些你自己发现最值得做的事情。它们使你沿着正确的方向前进，帮助你达到你在个人使命里陈述的目标。

“重要的事要先做”牵涉到根据习惯二（“先有目标而后有行动”）里所建立的个人优先事项对时间、事件进行组织和管理。习惯二是第一种或精神创造，而习惯三是第二种或物质创造。它是日进日出、每时每刻地做事。

Habit 4: Think Win-Win 为了大家都赢

In relationships and businesses, effectiveness is largely achieved through the cooperative efforts of two or more people. Marriages and other partnerships are interdependent realities, and yet people often approach these relationships with an
independent mentality, which is like trying to play golf with a tennis racket-the tool isn’t suited to the sport.

Most of us learn to base our self-worth on comparisons and competition. We think about succeeding in terms of someone else failing. That is, if I win, you lose. Or if you win, I lose. There is only so much pie and if you get a big piece there is less for me. People with this type of Scarcity Mentality find it difficult to share recognition and power, and to be happy for the successes of others, especially those closest to them.

Win-Win, on the other hand, is based on the paradigm that there is plenty for everybody, that one person’s success is not achieved at the expense or exclusion of the success of others. Win-Win sees life as a cooperative, not a competitive arena. Win-Win is a frame of mind and heart that constantly seeks mutual benefit in all human interactions. Win-Win means that agreements or solutions are mutually beneficial and satisfying.

在社会关系和商务活动中，效率大体上都要经过两个或两个以上的人的合作努力才能取得。婚姻和其他伙伴关系是互相依赖的现实，然而人们却经常以一种独立的心态处理这些关系，如同用网球拍去打高尔夫球——使用了不适合这种体育运动的工具。

我们中的多数人学会了将自我价值建立在比较和竞争之上。我们想着在别人摔倒时进行超越。这就是说，如果我赢，就是你输。或者，如果你赢，就是我输。馅饼就这么大，如果你得到一大块，我得到的就要少。怀有这种”稀缺心态”的人很难与人分享赞誉与权力，很难为别人特别是天天跟自己在一起的人获得成功而感到高兴。

在另一方面，“双赢”或“大家都赢”是建立在每个人都有许多机会这个思想方式上的，即一个人并不是以牺牲别人利益或排除别人成功而取得成功。“大家都赢”把人生看作是合作而不是竞争的舞台。“大家都赢”是在所有人类共处中不断需求相互利益的一种心灵结构。“大家都赢”意味着各种约定和方案对于大家都是有益处而且是使大家都满意的。

Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood 先理解别人，再让别人理解自己

Communication is the most important skill in life. We spend most of our waking hours communicating. But consider this: You’ve spent years learning how to read and write. Years learning how to speak. But what about listening? What training or education have you had that enables you to listen so that you really, deeply understand another human being from that individuals’ own frame of reference?

Seeking first to understand, or diagnosing before you prescribe, is a correct principle manifest in many areas of life. A wise doctor will diagnose before writing a prescription. A good engineer will understand the forces, the stresses at work, before designing the bridge. An effective salesperson first seeks to understand the needs of the customer before offering a product. Similarly, an effective communicator will first seek to understand another’s views before seeking to be understood.

Until people feel properly diagnosed they will not be open to prescriptions. We typically seek first to be understood. Most people do not listen with the intent to understand; they listen with the intent to reply. They’re either speaking or preparing to speak. They’re filtering everything through their own paradigms,reading their autobiography into other people’s lives.

沟通是人生最为重要的技能，我们将醒着的大部分时间用来沟通。但是，你要考虑这个问题：你花了许多年时间读书、认字、说话，但是学习聆听了吗？你所接受过的教育或培训，有没有课程使你能够通过聆听从而站在另一个人的角度去真正深刻地理解他？

寻求先理解别人，或者是先诊断再开方，是人生许多领域正确的原则妙方。明智的大夫在开方之前先诊断。出色的工程师在设计桥梁之前先要理解力学和运营应力。有效率的销售员在推荐一种产品之前首先要寻求理解客户的需要。同样，有效率的沟通者在寻求别人理解自己之前，先要寻求理解别人的观点。人们只有在感到得到了恰当的诊断之后才会愿意接受处方。

我们通常是首先要别人理解自己。大多数人不是怀着理解别人的意图去聆听，他们聆听的意图是要别人做出回答。他们要么是说话，要么是准备说话。他们用自己的模式过滤一切，以自己的经历来理解别人的生活。

Habit 6: Synergize 协同合作

Synergy is everywhere in nature. The intermingled roots of two plants growing closely together improve the quality of the soil. Two pieces of wood bonded together hold much more than the total of the weight held by each separately. The whole is
greater than the sum of its parts. One plus one equals three or more.

The principle of synergy also holds true in social interactions. Two people, creatively cooperating, will be able to produce far better results than either one could alone. Synergy lets us discover jointly things that we are much less likely todiscover by ourselves. It occurs when minds stimulate each other and ideas call forth ideas. I say something that stimulates your mind; you respond with an idea that stimulates mine. I share that new idea with you, and the process repeats itself andeven builds.

Synergy works. It is the crowning achievement of all the previous habits. It is effectiveness in an interdependent reality-it is teamwork, team building, the development of unity and creativity with other human beings.

Valuing the differences is the essence of synergy-the mental, the emotional, the physiological differences between people. And the key to valuing those differences is to realize that all people see the world, not as it is, but as they are. When we value differences and bring different perspectives together in the spirit of mutual respect, people then feel free to seek the best possible alternative, often the Third Alternative, one that is substantially better than either of the original proposals. Finding a third alternative is not compromise, but represents a Win-win solution for both parties.

协同是自然界的普遍现象。依偎在一起生长的两种植物的根交织在一起，能够改良土壤的质量。两根木棍绑在一起所承受的分量要比单独一根所承受的分量大得多。整体大于部件之和。一加一等于三甚至更多。

协同原理在社会互动中也是真理。进行创造性合作的两个人所创造的成果，比两人中任何一个人单独去做要多得多。协同让我们共同发现我们个人所较少发现的东西。当主意相互碰撞、想法相互启发，协同效应就发生了。我说的事情激发你的想法，你回应的主意又对我有所启发。我与你分享一个新的主意，而这个过程不断重复，甚至有所建树。

协同合作是有效的，它是在前面所有习惯基础上取得的成绩。它是存在于一种相互依赖的现实之中的效率——是团队工作，是团队建设，是与别人团结创造的发展。

重视差异——人们在智力、情感、心理上的差异——是协同合作的精髓。重视差异的关键是，承认人们不是以客观存在而是以自己的认识去看待世界。当我们重视分歧，根据相互尊重的精神把不同的观点带到一起，那么大家就能够自由地寻求可能的最佳方案，通常是“第三种方案”。这种方案事实上要比原有的任何一种提议都要好。找到一个第三种方案并不是妥协，而它是代表了能使双方皆赢的答案。

Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw 磨亮锯子

Habit 7 is the habit that makes all the others possible. Sharpen the Saw means preserving and enhancing the greatest asset you have-you. It means having a balanced, systematic program for self-renewal in the four areas of our lives: physical, mental, emotional-social, and spiritual. Without this discipline, the body becomes weak, the mind mechanical, the emotions raw, the spirit insensitive, and the person selfish.

This is the single most powerful investment we can ever make in life-investment in ourselves, in the only instrument we have with which to deal with life and to contribute. Yet when people get busy producing, or sawing, they seldom take time to Sharpen the Saw because maintenance seldom pays dramatic, immediate dividends.

This daily Private Victory is the key to the development of the Seven Habits, and it’s completely within our control. Renewal is the principle and the process that empowers us to move on an upward spiral of growth and change, of continuous improvement.

习惯七是使所有其它习惯变得可能的习惯。“磨亮锯子”意思是保存并增强你所拥有的最大资产——你。这个意思就是，在人生的四个领域——身体、智力、情感或社会、精神——制定一个平衡的、系统的自我提高计划。没有这么一条，身体将会变得虚弱，心灵将会变得死板，情感将会变得呆滞，精神将会变得迟钝，人将会变得自私。

这是我们在生活中最能够进行的单一最有效果的投资——对我们自己、对我们所拥有的唯一工具进行投资。有了它，我们便可应对生活、做出贡献。

这种每天都能有的“个人胜利”是开发七种习惯的关键，而且它是完全能够被我们自己所控制的。自我提高是这样一种法则和过程，它使我们能够象螺旋那样向上成长和变化，经历持续不断的改善。

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